The Cardiovascular system, Blood Vessels Anatomy Part II
  Systemic Circulation
Specialized Lecture in Anatomy & Physiology
مناقشة إسماعيل مرتضى  Discussed by Ismail Mortada

The Major reference for the this lecture & the following lectures in the same subject is
"Human Anatomy & Physiology" For Elaine N.Marieb the 5′th Edition
+ Internet + My personal University Lecture Notes

Please press on the pictures to be able to see them in larger sizes so that to read the contents

As mentioned in the lecture part (I) when we spoke about the general anatomy of the blood vessels & we said that it is made up of 2 major sections which are the pulmonary circulation & the systemic circulation, we finished discussing in brief the pulmonary circulation before & we mentioned the different arteries & veins which were included in this part of the circulation & now before going on with the lectures speaking about the Systemic Circulation it is good to remind ourselves that in the systemic circulation "which will be discussed now" the arteries are the vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the other body cells & tissues & the veins are those vessels which carries the blood toward the heart which is poor in oxygen and more rich in waste materials & carbon dioxide

B) The Systemic Circulation

The Systemic circulation starts in the heart after receiving the clean oxygenated blood from the pulmonary arteries, the oxygenated blood will enter the LEFT HEART ATRIUM & will be pumped from there to the LEFT HEART VENTRICLE; & from there the journey will start through the AORTA, which is the basic & largest vessel "arterie" in the human body from there, from the aorta, the blood can move on in different pathways, since all the major blood vessels arise from this single large AORTA , It normally ARCHES upward from the heart & then curves & run down along the body midline in which it terminates in the PELVIS where there it splits forming the 2 large branches arteries that serve the lower extremities, then the branches of the arteries forms the smaller ARTERIOLES & then as usual forming the Blood Capillaries in which the exchange of gases & nutrients occurs on this level

So we can brief the past steps as the following
A) The blood will enter from the Pulmonary arteries to the Left Heart Atrium
B) From there it will be entering the Left Heart Ventricle to be pumped out to the Aorta
C) The Aorta is the major blood vessel "Arterie" which rises from the heart
D) The Aorta will form an ARCH upward the heart & then will run downstairs in the midline of the body reaching the PELVIS
E) In the pelvis area the aorta will split forming 2 large arteries which will serve the extremities
F) The arterioles will be formed
G) At the end, the blood capillaries where gases & nutrients exchange occur will be formulated

After all this long trip, the formulated blood which will be poor in oxygen & rich in carbon dioxide will be made in different parts of the human body, I can say that there will be 2 venous drainage normally which are as the following
A) The venous drainage inferior to the diaphragm
B) The venous drainage in the THORACIC area
C) The venous drainage above the diaphragm which will enter the SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

The one inferior to the diaphragm will enter the INFERIOR VENA CAVA except some of the thoracic drainage which will enter what is called "The AZYGOS SYSTEM OF VEINS" & the body regions above the diaphragm will enter the SUPERIOR VENA CAVA & then from there, the major VENAE CAVAE will free up the carbon dioxide rich blood into the RIGHT HEART ATRIUM

There are several points to be kept in mind while discussing Systemic Circulation such as the following
A) All the blood which will pass from systemic veins to systemic arteries must pass at first the pulmonary circulation
B) Regarding the vessels names, normaly the name reflects the body region itself ( such as axillary, brachial, femoral … etc ) or it reflects the name of the bone followed (suc as vertebral, radial, tibial … etc ) or reflects the name of the organ served ( such as renal, hepatic, gonadal … etc ), so there are some clues which will make it easier to memorize them
C) Also notice that normaly the arteries & veins runs together side by side & some times with the nerves also
D) Note that the systemic vessels doesn’t always match on the right & the left sides of the body
E) Some of the large, deep vessels of the Trunk Region are asymmetrical "unpaired", while almost all vessels are bilaterally symmetrical in the head & the limbs

Now we’re going to discuss each vessel in deeper details in the next lecture

If you need to revise part 1 of this lecture please press on the below link
mortada8.maktoobblog.com/1537357/the-cardiovascular-system-blood-vessels-anatomy/